Friday, April 20, 2012

Thematic Mapping


Hi everyone,

I finally got a chance to work on this lab....

-First I started out by importing the data set into ArcMap... below is a screen shot of the imported data.


-Next I used the select tool and separate the map into three shape files: the contiguous US, Alaska, and Hawaii... below is a screen shot of the method that was used.


 -The next step was to set the spatial reference of the US county shape file to "USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic projection, the Alaska shape file to Alaska Equal Area Projection, and the Hawaii shape file to Hawaii Equal Area projection... below is a screen shot of the method that was used.


-Next I reprojected the three shape files to the correct projection.


-Next I looked at the classification first using Natural breaks (jenks).


-Secondly I looked at the classification using Quantiles.


-Third I looked at the classification using Equal Intervals.


-Lastly I looked at the classification using Standard Deviation.


- After creating all four classifications I believe "natural breaks (jenks)" works the best for the data set that is being analyzed.  Below is the maps I created with the data showing the poverty rates in the United States.



Monday, April 2, 2012

Exploratory Data Analysis in GIS

Hi everyone!!
I finaly got some time to work on the lab.

For Section 1 by hand
1) data: 67.3, 61.8, 63.7, 62.4, 65.6, 66.2, 69.8, 63.9, 45.8, 78, 32, 68.0
a) mean: 62.04

data / number of occurrences = mean

(67.3 + 61.8 + 63.7 + 62.4 + 65.6 + 66.2 + 69.8 + 63.9 + 45.8 + 78 + 32 + 68.0) / 12 = mean

b) variance: 143.70

data – mean = (x) squared = y

67.3 - 62.04 = (5.26) squared = 27.6676 
61.8 - 62.04 = (-0.24) squared = 0.0576
63.7 - 62.04 = (1.66) squared = 2.7556
62.4 - 62.04 = (0.36) squared = 0.1296
65.6 - 62.04 = (3.56) squared = 12.6736
66.2 - 62.04 = (4.16) squared = 17.3056
69.8 - 62.04 = (7.76) squared = 60.2176
63.9 - 62.04 = (1.86) squared = 3.4596
45.8 - 62.04 = (-16.24) squared = 263.7376
78.0 - 62.04 = (15.96) squared = 254.7216
32.0 - 62.04 = (-30.04) squared = 902.4016
68.0 - 62.04 = (5.96) squared = 35.5216

(y1 +  y2 +  y3 +  y4 +  y5 +  y6 +  y7 +  y8 +  y9 +  y10 +  y11 +  y12) / 12 = variance

c) standard deviation: 11.99

Standard deviation = square root (variance)

For Section 2 of the lab using "R"
Using “R”
> commute = c(67.3, 61.8, 63.7, 62.4, 65.6, 66.2, 69.8, 63.9, 45.8, 78, 32, 68.0)
> commute
 [1] 67.3 61.8 63.7 62.4 65.6 66.2 69.8 63.9 45.8 78.0 32.0 68.0
> mean (commute)
[1] 62.04167
> sd (commute)
[1] 11.9873
> var (commute)
[1] 143.6954
INPUT into “R”….
> hist(commute, xlab ="Commute Time", main ="Histogram of Commute Time", col = 3, breaks = 6)

INPUT into “R”….
> boxplot(commute, main = "Boxplot of Commute Time", col = 5)

INPUT into “R”….
> qqnorm(commute, main = "Commute Time")                                
> qqline(commute)

For Section 3 of the lab using ArcGIS...
-I started out inputing the earthquake data, and reprojecting using....
Data Mangment Tools
>Projected and Transfomations
>Feature
> Project

Project Coordinate System
>Continential
>North America
>Noth America Equal Area Conic.prj OR Alaka Albers Equal Area Conic.prj...

-below I found the mean center/meadian center using the following tool in "tool box"
Spatial Statistic Tools
>Measuring Geographic Distrubution
>Mean Center
 OR
>Median Center


-below I used the Geostatistical Analyst Tool, first you had to go to...
Customerize
>Extenision
>Geostatistical Analyst
THEN
Customerize
>toolbars
>Geostatistical Analyst
WHEN the tool bar is present click on the...
Geostatistical Analyst
>Explore Data
 >Historgram



-below I used the Geostatistical Analyst Tool, first you had to go to...
Customerize
>Extenision
>Geostatistical Analyst
THEN
Customerize
>toolbars
>Geostatistical Analyst
WHEN the tool bar is present click on the...
Geostatistical Analyst
>Explore Data
>QQ plot


-below I found the mean center/meadian center using the following tool in "tool box"
Spatial Statistic Tools
>Measuring Geographic Distrubution
>Directional Distrubution


-below I used the Geostatistical Analyst Tool, first you had to go to...
Customerize
>Extenision
>Geostatistical Analyst
THEN
Customerize
>toolbars
>Geostatistical Analyst
WHEN the tool bar is present click on the...
Geostatistical Analyst
>Explore Data
>Voronoi Map